/root/init.rc:service ril-daemon /system/bin/rild -l /system/lib/libreference-ril.so -- -d /dev/ttyUSB3 -u /dev/ttyUSB0
rild 和 libreference-ril.so 的 sourcecode 在 hardware/ril
真正執行 AT Command 的好像是 reference-ril。
libreference-ril 的參數: d, u 是 MODEM 的 command port
module_parameter(vendor,ushort,0);
module_parameter(product,ushort,0);#insmod usbserial.ko vendor=0x05f9 product=0x0fff#busybox --install /system/bin
就可以了。 # stop media
然後再使用 alsa_aplay:#alsa_aplay --help
#alsa_aplay -L
如果 default 是正確的，就可以用：
alas_aplay ./11k.wav
來播放 wav 檔。
$alsa_aplay -D hw:2,0 -f S8 -c 2 /dev/uramdom其中：
-D sound device, 2 是 card index 0 是 device index -f format -c channels , 有時候沒給的話會出現error
make -C /lib/module/2.6.32-5-686/build M=`pwd` modules
module 的 makefile 就跟書上寫的一樣，寫
obj-m := option.o
我要 build 的 module name
$(info in binary.mk) 或 dynamic_binary.mk,, out/target/product/myBBG/system/bin/unifi_helper
build/core/base_rules.mk:112: *** hardware/libhardware_legacy/unifi-linux/unifi_helper:
LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE and LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE must not be defined by component makefiles. Stop.
另一個是：
out/target/product/imx51_BBG/system/bin/unifi_manager
build/core/base_rules.mk:112: *** hardware/libhardware_legacy/unifi-linux/os_linux:
LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE and LOCAL_INSTALLED_MODULE must not be defined by component makefiles. Stop.
no symbol version for module_layoutmake: Entering directory `/home/checko/myandroid8.1'
target thumb C: myhello <= system/extras/myhello/myhello.c
target Executable: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/LINKED/myhello)
target Non-prelinked: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/symbols/system/bin/myhello)
target Strip: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello)
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/bin/myhello
Copy: out/target/product/myBBG/system/etc/apns-conf.xml
make: Leaving directory `/home/checko/myandroid8.1'
在 croot (android project root)，用 make showcommands myhello 的 log:
build/core/copy_headers.mk:15: warning: overriding commands for target `out/target/product/myBBG/obj/include/libpv/getactualaacconfig.h'
build/core/copy_headers.mk:15: warning: ignoring old commands for target `out/target/product/myBBG/obj/include/libpv/getactualaacconfig.h'
/bin/bash: line 0: cd: sdk/layoutopt/app/src/resources: No such file or directory
No private recovery resources for TARGET_DEVICE myBBG
target thumb C: myhello <= system/extras/myhello/myhello.c
prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-gcc -I system/core/include -I hardware/libhardware/include
-I hardware/libhardware_legacy/include -I hardware/ril/include -I dalvik/libnativehelper/include -I frameworks/base/include
-I frameworks/base/opengl/include -I external/skia/include -I out/target/product/myBBG/obj/include
-I bionic/libc/arch-arm/include -I bionic/libc/include -I bionic/libstdc++/include -I bionic/libc/kernel/common
-I bionic/libc/kernel/arch-arm -I bionic/libm/include -I bionic/libm/include/arch/arm -I bionic/libthread_db/include
-I system/extras/myhello -I out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates
-I out/target/product/myBBG/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libwebcore_intermediates -c -fno-exceptions -Wno-multichar
-msoft-float -fpic -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector -fno-short-enums -march=armv5te
-mtune=xscale -D__ARM_ARCH_5__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5T__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5E__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5TE__
-include system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/AndroidConfig.h -I system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/ -mthumb-interwork
-DANDROID -fmessage-length=0 -W -Wall -Wno-unused -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Werror=return-type -Werror=non-virtual-dtor
-Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -DSK_RELEASE -DNDEBUG -g -Wstrict-aliasing=2 -finline-functions
-fno-inline-functions-called-once -fgcse-after-reload -frerun-cse-after-loop -frename-registers -DNDEBUG -UDEBUG -mthumb
-Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64
-MD -o out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello.o system/extras/myhello/myhello.c
Install: out/host/linux-x86/bin/apriori
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/host/linux-x86/obj/EXECUTABLES/apriori_intermediates/apriori out/host/linux-x86/bin/apriori
Install: out/host/linux-x86/bin/soslim
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/host/linux-x86/obj/EXECUTABLES/soslim_intermediates/soslim out/host/linux-x86/bin/soslim
target Executable: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/LINKED/myhello)
prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-g++ -nostdlib -Bdynamic -Wl,-T,build/core/armelf.x
-Wl,-dynamic-linker,/system/bin/linker -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,-z,nocopyreloc
-o out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/LINKED/myhello -Lout/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib
-Wl,-rpath-link=out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib -lc -lstdc++ -lm out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/crtbegin_dynamic.o
out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello.o -Wl,--no-undefined
/home/checko/myandroid8.1/prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/../lib/gcc/arm-eabi/4.4.0/interwork/libgcc.a
out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/crtend_android.o
target Non-prelinked: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/symbols/system/bin/myhello)
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/LINKED/myhello
out/target/product/myBBG/symbols/system/bin/myhello
target Strip: myhello (out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello)
out/host/linux-x86/bin/soslim --strip --shady --quiet out/target/product/myBBG/symbols/system/bin/myhello
--outfile out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libdl.so
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/libdl.so out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libdl.so
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libc.so
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/libc.so out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libc.so
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libstdc++.so
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/libstdc++.so out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libstdc++.so
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libm.so
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/lib/libm.so out/target/product/myBBG/system/lib/libm.so
Install: out/target/product/myBBG/system/bin/myhello
out/host/linux-x86/bin/acp -fpt out/target/product/myBBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/myhello_intermediates/myhello
out/target/product/myBBG/system/bin/myhello
這樣build 出來的 myhello 會被 install 在 system/bin 中，boot 後直接 invoke 就可以執行。
啟動 strace myhello 的內容：
strace myhello
execve("/system/bin/myhello", ["myhello"], [/* 19 vars */]) = 0
syscall_983045(0xb0017900, 0xbed6dbb4, 0, 0x847c, 0xb000f448, 0xbed6dbb0, 0x8, 0xf0005, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xbed6db58, 0xb000194b, 0xb000228c, 0x80000010, 0xb0017900, 0, 0, 0xc764, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) = 0
getpid() = 2109
sigaction(SIGILL, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGABRT, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGBUS, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGFPE, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGSEGV, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGSTKFLT, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
sigaction(SIGPIPE, {0xb0001d45, [], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL}, 0) = 0
getuid32() = 0
geteuid32() = 0
getgid32() = 0
getegid32() = 0
stat64("/system/lib/libc.so", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=239972, ...}) = 0
open("/system/lib/libc.so", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
lseek(3, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0 \250\0\000"..., 4096) = 4096
lseek(3, -8, SEEK_END) = 239964
read(3, "\0\0\340\257PRE ", 8) = 8
mmap2(0xafe00000, 286720, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xafe00000
mmap2(0xafe00000, 228532, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0xafe00000
mprotect(0xafe00000, 229376, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mmap2(0xafe38000, 8596, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x38) = 0xafe38000
mmap2(0xafe3b000, 42160, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xafe3b000
close(3) = 0
mprotect(0xafe00000, 229376, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
getuid32() = 0
geteuid32() = 0
getgid32() = 0
getegid32() = 0
gettid() = 2109
syscall_983045(0xafe42ad4, 0xafe42a98, 0, 0x40, 0xafe38e08, 0xbed6dbb0, 0xbed6da58, 0xf0005, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xbed6da48, 0xafe1f721, 0xafe0d89c, 0x60000010, 0xafe42ad4, 0, 0, 0xc764, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) = 0
mmap2(NULL, 32768, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, 9, 0) = 0x40000000
open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
read(3, "\223\31\234=", 4) = 4
close(3) = 0
stat64("/system/lib/libstdc++.so", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=5268, ...}) = 0
open("/system/lib/libstdc++.so", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
lseek(3, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0X\10\0\000"..., 4096) = 4096
lseek(3, -8, SEEK_END) = 5260
read(3, "\0\0\320\257PRE ", 8) = 8
mmap2(0xafd00000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xafd00000
mmap2(0xafd00000, 2848, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0xafd00000
mprotect(0xafd00000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mmap2(0xafd01000, 232, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x1) = 0xafd01000
close(3) = 0
mprotect(0xafd00000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
getuid32() = 0
geteuid32() = 0
getgid32() = 0
getegid32() = 0
stat64("/system/lib/libm.so", {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=132116, ...}) = 0
open("/system/lib/libm.so", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
lseek(3, 0, SEEK_SET) = 0
read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0(\0\1\0\0\0@ \0\000"..., 4096) = 4096
lseek(3, -8, SEEK_END) = 132108
read(3, "\0\0\300\257PRE ", 8) = 8
mmap2(0xafc00000, 135168, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xafc00000
mmap2(0xafc00000, 129828, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0) = 0xafc00000
mprotect(0xafc00000, 131072, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE|PROT_EXEC) = 0
mmap2(0xafc20000, 280, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, 3, 0x20) = 0xafc20000
close(3) = 0
mprotect(0xafc00000, 131072, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
getuid32() = 0
geteuid32() = 0
getgid32() = 0
getegid32() = 0
mprotect(0x8000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC) = 0
getuid32() = 0
geteuid32() = 0
getgid32() = 0
getegid32() = 0
mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x40008000
mprotect(0x40008000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
fstat64(1, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0600, st_rdev=makedev(207, 16), ...}) = 0
brk(0) = 0xa000
brk(0xa000) = 0xa000
brk(0xc000) = 0xc000
mprotect(0x40008000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x40008000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B115200 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
write(1, "Hello Bionic\n", 13Hello Bionic
) = 13
mprotect(0x40008000, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE) = 0
mprotect(0x40008000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x40008000, 4096) = 0
exit_group(0) = ?
Process 2109 detached
所以確認 share library path 是 OK 的 :(
/etc/init.d/gdm stop還有停止一堆 service (後來發現這不必作)
apt-get dist-upgrade然後就一堆 complain
apt-get -f upgrade apt-get install localegdm 進不去，說 X 打不開。 -- remove 重新安裝 OK.
deforma-app remove gs upgrade-from-grub-legacyaptitude dist-upgrade 又一堆..
error in Version string '3.0.12-54655_Debian_lenny': invalid character in revision number
follow 這一篇 :
dpkg --clear-avail
define transform-to-prelinked
@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
@echo "target Prelink: $(PRIVATE_MODULE) ($@)"
$(hide) $(APRIORI) \
--prelinkmap $(TARGET_PRELINKER_MAP) \
--locals-only \
--quiet \
$< \
--output $@
endef
會依照 Android.mk 中的 LOCAL_PRELINK_MODULE 定義來決定要不要作 prelink。
但是grep 一下，default 好像是 false...
好像沒有找到是 true 的 program..
include device/fsl/proprietary/wifi_csr/fsl-wifi.mkfunction jgrep()
{
find . -type f -name "*\.java" -print0 | xargs -0 grep --color -n "$@"
}
function cgrep()
{
find . -type f -name "*\.c*" -print0 | xargs -0 grep --color -n "$@"
}
可以學起來，search Makefile.. mk 等等其他檔案用。
還有一個是針對 目錄的：resgrep
先找出所有 名為 res 的 folder，再到所有 res folder 裡的.xml 檔裡找..
function resgrep()
{
for dir in `find . -name res -type d`; do find $dir -type f -name '*\.xml' -print0 | xargs -0 grep --color -n "$@"; done;
}
稍微筆記一下：
find
find . -not -name '.*'
find 如果要包含很多檔名 pattern，可以用 -o -name 來加： find . -name '*\.java' -o -name '*\.c*'
但是一個 -o 有自己的 option，所以配合起來變成：
find . -name '*\.c' -print0 -o -name '*\.h' -print0 | xargs -0 grep pattern
$mkdir dist
$time make -j4 pdk pdk_all DIST_DIR=dist
看 build log 可以知道 build 出來的 doc 位置。
但是這個 document link 好像是絕對位置，不是相對位址，所以沒有辦法放到 disk 中 單純的看。
google android site 有提供一個 online 版本(?)
Porting http://source.android.com/porting/index.html
好像就是 pdk 的內容。 (或是 這一個 http://pdk.android.com/online-pdk/guide/index.html )
.. 有些 link 點不出來，可以自己看 url ，自己打 link
build_system 這一篇要先看，可以減少很多 rebuild 的時間。
touch system/extra/sound/playwav.c
看一下 build command..
prebuilt/linux-x86/toolchain/arm-eabi-4.4.0/bin/arm-eabi-gcc
-I system/core/include -I hardware/libhardware/include
-I hardware/libhardware_legacy/include -I hardware/ril/include
-I dalvik/libnativehelper/include -I frameworks/base/include
-I frameworks/base/opengl/include -I external/skia/include
-I out/target/product/imx51_BBG/obj/include -I bionic/libc/arch-arm/include
-I bionic/libc/include -I bionic/libstdc++/include -I bionic/libc/kernel/common
-I bionic/libc/kernel/arch-arm -I bionic/libm/include -I bionic/libm/include/arch/arm
-I bionic/libthread_db/include -I system/extras/sound
-I out/target/product/imx51_BBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/sound_intermediates
-I out/target/product/imx51_BBG/obj/STATIC_LIBRARIES/libwebcore_intermediates
-c -fno-exceptions -Wno-multichar -msoft-float -fpic -ffunction-sections
-funwind-tables -fstack-protector -fno-short-enums -march=armv5te -mtune=xscale
-D__ARM_ARCH_5__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5T__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5E__ -D__ARM_ARCH_5TE__
-include system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/AndroidConfig.h
-I system/core/include/arch/linux-arm/
-mthumb-interwork -DANDROID -fmessage-length=0
-W -Wall -Wno-unused -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Werror=return-type
-Werror=non-virtual-dtor -Werror=address -Werror=sequence-point -DSK_RELEASE
-DNDEBUG -g -Wstrict-aliasing=2 -finline-functions -fno-inline-functions-called-once
-fgcse-after-reload -frerun-cse-after-loop -frename-registers -DNDEBUG -UDEBUG
-mthumb -Os -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -finline-limit=64 -MD
-o out/target/product/imx51_BBG/obj/EXECUTABLES/sound_intermediates/playwav.o
system/extras/sound/playwav.c
果然很麻煩...
sound 的 makefile:
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) // 就是 pwd
include $(CLEAR_VARS) // 清掉所有變數
LOCAL_MODULE := sound // 這個 program 要用的名字
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := playwav.c
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional // 屬於哪一類的 tag .. 在 make 時會指定 eng, debug, user..
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
其中LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS 是用來決定build 哪些 target 需要的變數。
像 optional 就永遠不會 build 進 system.
改為 eng 後，在ˋ build eng 時，就會 build 進去。
svn co http://src.chromium.org/svn/trunk/src/chrome/common/extensions/docs/examples/tutorials/getstarted/
/viewvc/chrome was replaced with /svn.cat sourcefile > destinationfile
或是.
dd if=sourcefile of=destinationfile
但是.. android 沒有 cp，但是有 dd ?
從 這裡 看到的
make snod
在 build/core/Makefile 可以看到 snod 這個 target:
.PHONY: systemimage-nodeps snod
systemimage-nodeps snod: $(filter-out systemimage-nodeps snod,$(MAKECMDGOALS)) \
| $(INTERNAL_MKUSERFS)
@echo "make $@: ignoring dependencies"
$(call build-systemimage-target,$(INSTALLED_SYSTEMIMAGE))
$(hide) $(call assert-max-image-size,$(INSTALLED_SYSTEMIMAGE),$(BOARD_SYSTEMIMAGE_PARTITION_SIZE),yaffs)
有說明是： make system.img ignoring depencies.
至於 做出 system.img 的command，可以用 showcommands 這個 target..
make showcommands snod
這樣 就會 show 出所有 build snod 這個target 的 command:
make snod: ignoring dependencies
Target system fs image: out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img
num_blocks=`du -sk out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system | tail -n1 | awk '{print $1;}'`; if [ $num_blocks -lt 20480 ]; then extra_blocks=3072; else extra_blocks=20480; fi ; if [ "" != "" ]; then num_blocks=; num_inodes=4096; else num_blocks=`expr $num_blocks + $extra_blocks` ; num_inodes=`find out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system | wc -l` ; num_inodes=`expr $num_inodes + 500`; fi; out/host/linux-x86/bin/genext2fs -a -d out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system -b $num_blocks -N $num_inodes -m 0 out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img;
tune2fs -L system out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img
tune2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
tune2fs -j out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img
tune2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Creating journal inode: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or
0 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
tune2fs -C 1 out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img
tune2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Setting current mount count to 1
e2fsck -fy out/target/product/imx51_bbg/system.img ; [ $? -lt 4 ]
e2fsck 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010)
Filesystem did not have a UUID; generating one.
Filesystem has feature flag(s) set, but is a revision 0 filesystem. Fix? yes
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
/lost+found not found. Create? yes
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
system: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
system: 596/1144 files (1.8% non-contiguous), 86956/103536 blocks
true
大概是用 genext2fs 從 system folder 做出一個ext2 的 system.img。
然後再用 tune2fs -j 把 system.img 轉為 ext3。
# $(1): src directory
# $(2): output file
# $(3): label (if any)
# $(4): if true, add journal
define build-userimage-ext2-target
@mkdir -p $(dir $(2))
$(hide) num_blocks=`du -sk $(1) | tail -n1 | awk '{print $$1;}'`;\
if [ $$num_blocks -lt 20480 ]; then extra_blocks=3072; \
else extra_blocks=20480; fi ; \
num_blocks=`expr $$num_blocks + $$extra_blocks` ; \
num_inodes=`find $(1) | wc -l` ; num_inodes=`expr $$num_inodes + 500`; \
$(MKEXT2IMG) -a -d $(1) -b $$num_blocks -N $$num_inodes -m 0 $(2)
$(if $(strip $(3)),\
$(hide) $(TUNE2FS) -L $(strip $(3)) $(2))
$(if $(strip $(4)),\
$(hide) $(TUNE2FS) -j $(2))
$(TUNE2FS) -C 1 $(2)
$(E2FSCK) -fy $(2) ; [ $$? -lt 4 ]
endef
是在 core/Makefile include 近來的：
ifeq ($(TARGET_USERIMAGES_USE_EXT2),true)
include external/genext2fs/Config.mk
INTERNAL_MKUSERFS := $(MKEXT2IMG)
..
Verifying Checksum ... Bad Data CRC
查一下 u-boot 的 boot cmd，結果load rootfs 的 command 是
cp.b 0x400000 ${rd_loadaddr} 0x4B000
0x4B000 只有 300k，所以才會 fail..
＊ 看錯了，這個是 copy ram to ram 的 command，應該是用在nfs。 mmc boot 應該要看 mmc read 那個 boot command
$(hide) $(MKBOOTFS) $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT) | $(MINIGZIP) > $@
其中 TARGET_ROOT_OUT 就是先建好的 root folder 。 mkbootfs root | minigzip > ramdisk.img
然後給u-boot 用要..
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x90308000 -n "Android Root Filesystem" -d ramdisk.img ./uramdisk.img
mv ramdisk.img ramdisk.img.gz
gunzip ramdisk.img.gz
mkdir worktmp; cd worktmp
cpio -i -F ../ramdisk.img
$dd if=uramdisk.img of=ramdisk.img.gz bs=1 skip=64
..據說 mkimage 用 開頭的 64 byte 塞u-boot 資訊。$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
如果都用enter回答，產生的 key 會放在 ~/.ssh 下
copy public key 過去 server
$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub user@'server-ip'
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@ WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED! @
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
2b:92:13:c5:e5:42:e5:6b:d3:41:d0:84:48:03:7c:73.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /home/charles-chang/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message.
Offending key in /home/charles-chang/.ssh/known_hosts:6
RSA host key for 192.168.4.25 has changed and you have requested strict checking.
Host key verification failed.
這樣，要請發生fail的 pc 作刪除 host的動作：(remove)
ssh-keygen -R 192.168.4.25
再重新連線Authentication refused: bad ownership or modes for directory /home/charles-chang發現 這個目錄 g 有 w, 所以改掉 (dwxr-xr-x) 之後就 OK 了。
system/core/init
要 print message 可以用 INFO( )。
實際上 INFO 是 call log_write ( ), 最後的輸出位置跟 dmesg 一樣。
mmc0: new SD card at address 7e39
mmcblk0: mmc0:7e39 A2GZS 1.87 GiB
mmcblk0: p1 p2 p3 <> p4
mmc1: new SD card at address 90bd
mmcblk1: mmc1:90bd A2GZS 1.87 GiB
mmcblk1: p1但是我的沒有..
結果是： uboot 的 env environment 沒設。
要設 boot from SD card 的參數。
vboxmanage setextradata來設。Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/GuestPort, Value: 22
Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort, Value: 2222
Key: VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/Protocol, Value: TCP
其中 e1000 這個比較 !@#$，因為如果你選 pcnet 就要寫 pcnet，選 intel 就要寫 e1000..c:\VBoxManage.exe setextradata ubuntu910_20G "VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/HostPort" 2222
c:\VBoxManage.exe setextradata ubuntu910_20G "VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/GuesttPort" 22
c:\VBoxManage.exe setextradata ubuntu910_20G "VBoxInternal/Devices/e1000/0/LUN#0/Config/ssh/Protocol" TCP
mage_set_hdr_l(f) \
static inline void image_set_##f(image_header_t *hdr, uint32_t val) \
{ \
hdr->ih_##f = cpu_to_uimage (val); \
}
所以 image_set_load( ) 也只是在設 structure 的 load 欄位。
Disk /dev/sdb: 3965 MB, 3965190144 bytes
49 heads, 48 sectors/track, 3292 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2352 * 512 = 1204224 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 4 3293 3868160 b W95 FAT32
[ 34.241471] usb 1-1: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 2
[ 34.817413] usb 1-1: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
[ 34.919398] Initializing USB Mass Storage driver...
[ 34.922803] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 34.922808] USB Mass Storage support registered.
[ 35.331910] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial
[ 35.332304] USB Serial support registered for generic
[ 35.332672] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbserial_generic
[ 35.332676] usbserial: USB Serial Driver core
[ 35.361189] USB Serial support registered for GSM modem (1-port)
[ 35.361218] option 1-1:1.0: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[ 35.361429] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB0
[ 35.361445] option 1-1:1.1: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[ 35.361568] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB1
[ 35.361589] option 1-1:1.2: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[ 35.363318] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB2
[ 35.363419] option 1-1:1.3: GSM modem (1-port) converter detected
[ 35.363630] usb 1-1: GSM modem (1-port) converter now attached to ttyUSB3
[ 35.363701] usbcore: registered new interface driver option
[ 35.363714] option: v0.7.2:USB Driver for GSM modems
所以知道是 usb-serial device。 介面是 tty。Bus 001 Device 002: ID 12d1:140c Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
drivers/usb/serial/option.c
裡面有 PID 列表，找一下 lsusb 列出的 VID, PID：
#define HUAWEI_VENDOR_ID 0x12D1
...
#define HUAWEI_PRODUCT_E140C 0x140C
sudo minicom -s用 -s 做設定。設定 com port 是 /dev/ttyUSB0
save as default 後退出，重新再開
sudo minicom -o因為ttyUSB0.1.2 的全縣，要用 sudo 才可以開啟。
apt-get install linux-source 會download 在 /usr/src。What fixed the issue for me was: 1. Deleting /var/lib/locales/supported.d/local 2. Deleting /usr/lib/locales/* (you may want to backup the data in this directory, to recover if the next step doesn't work) 3. sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales After that, gnome-language-selector works.
.org CONFIG_FLASH_HEADER_OFFSET另外定義 CONFIG_FLASH_HEADER_OFFSET 是 0x400。 .word _end - TEXT_BASE
其中，_end 宣告在 u-boot.lds 中，是 bin 的最後。WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
用 p 顯示：
Disk /dev/sdb: 507 MB, 507379712 bytes
16 heads, 61 sectors/track, 1015 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 976 * 512 = 499712 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
follow prompt，用 c command 關掉 DOS-compatible mode，就變成：
Disk /dev/sdb: 507 MB, 507379712 bytes
16 heads, 61 sectors/track, 1015 cylinders, total 990976 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x6f20736b
可以看到，total unit 變成 total sectors。
bootable SD card 要preserve mbr 的原因是，ref xxx_Linux_UG.pdf:
bootloader 需要看 mbr 內/後 的 partition table，好知道boot partition 的位置。
所以partition 好後，燒 bootloader, uImage 時，要把 mbr sector 保存起來，以免燒 bootloader 時被清掉。
$ cp -a myandroid iMx51AndroidBsp ~/
我也是第一次知道原來 cp 可以一次寫很多個 file/folder name，只有最後一個會被認為是 target name.